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Archive for the ‘Medieval Monasticism’ Category

Relating to the past can be incredibly difficult in the 21st century. Our distant ancestors lived what seem to us incomprehensible lives. When we think of things like the Roman Empire in many respects its like an alternate universe.

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Kilree monastic site is one of the few places you can visit that provides continuity through changes over the centuries. It was built not long after the Roman Empire crumbled, it was well established when Charlemagne was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor in 800 C.E. and when Brian Boru was killed at the battle of Clontarf in 1014 C.E. it was already middle-aged. Indeed it was around five centuries old when the Normans invaded Ireland in 1169 C.E. However the most incredible aspect of this remarkable site is that through the numerous wars, disasters and changes in life in the following centuries people have returned to this site right up to the present day. Kilree

The site according to folklore dates back to the 6th century, it was dedicated to St Rhuidche a name preserved in name Kilree, meaning the church of  Rhuidche (pronounced Ree). The area came to historical prominence in 844 C.E. when the Northern O Neill High King, Niall Caille was drowned in the nearby Kings River. According to legend he is buried beneath the high cross close to the Monastic site.DSCF3696

While high crosses are not thought to have marked graves, given that a return journey to Ulster would have taken several days in the mid 9th century it is not inconceivable Niall Cáille was buried in the monastic grounds.

The site is littered with centuries of life with the church showing the scars of constant reworking. In the 12th century the area was transformed when an Augustinian priory was constructed three kilometres north at Kells. In the mid 13th century Kilree was placed under the control of Kells priory.

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Kells Priory (the subject of next weeks post)

In recent centuries death and burial has been the stock trade of this enduring site with local people still returning to this through the past 15 centuries of change to bury their dead most recently as 2003.

Description

Located south of the Kells around ten miles from Kilkenny city this simple monastic site has three main features. There is a small medieval church built on the ruins of the earliest structure of the site.  This is now buttressed in an unusual manner on its western gable. An entrance on its eastern side has been blocked up.DSCF3690

To the north of the church a round tower rises nearly twenty-eight metres in the air. It is well-preserved save it is missing conical cap. These generally date between 950 C.E. and 1100 C.E. Although originally thought to be a defensive point after monasteries came under heavy Viking attack  in the 9th century (You can listen to a podcast on this here), this theory has been challenged recently.

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Historians have pointed out that the worst viking attacks had passed by 950 C.E. while it has also been observed that they make for a natural chimney once set alight and therefore not an ideal refuge. DSCF3694

To the west of the monastic site is the remains of a high cross dating from the 9th century. Although it was originally highly decorated with lace motifs and biblical scenes these are almost entirely worn away now.

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In a remote valley, a mile east of the village of Annamoe in east Wicklow lies the long forgotten ruins of medieval Castlekevin. Camouflaged by undergrowth, this Norman castle and town was once the key Norman site in the region. The walls and earthworks of this ruin witnessed some of the most bloody events in the remarkable story of the fall of Norman society in the inhospitable mountains of eastern Wicklow.

Life at Castlekevin was not always shrouded in war and violence, indeed over seven centuries ago this fortified settlement was a thriving town dominating the neighbouring valleys of Glendalough and Glenmalure. However following a century of relentless war, famine, plague and massacres reminiscent of ‘A Game of Thrones‘ the site declined into the picturesque ruin we see today. This article is the story of eastern Wicklow in the later medieval period when it was torn apart by one of the worst crises recorded in human history. Although the region is famous for its associations with the early christian monastery at Glendalough its later medieval history is often neglected. Far from its pious origins of Glendalough the area became the centre of a bitter violent struggle for control of eastern Wicklow in a period of frequent famine.

 

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 Episode 14 see Gaelic Ireland struggle to deal with the crisis and chaos that followed the death of the high king Maelseachnaill Mac Domnaill. This podcast journeys through a highly uncertain world where war was frequent and life had little value as several kings battled to control the island. We will see many try and emulate the great high kings including the most famous Diarmait Mc Mael na mBó the king of Leinster. This show also includes a close look at the strange place that was Viking Dublin and the unknown history of the Gaelic Irish reaction to the norman invasion of England in 1066.

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(1022 – 1072) The man who would be king

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In the 14th century Europe experienced one of the worst crises in recorded human history which saw war, famine and plague decimate the population. In Ireland this crisis developed in a society already wracked by deep divisions and political upheaval.

Although brewing for decades this crisis began in earnest in 1315 when one of the worst famines of medieval history gripped Ireland.This was followed by a period of extreme violence between the resurgent Gaelic Irish and the Norman Barons. The crisis reached its zenith when the Black Death struck Ireland killing between 30% and 50% of the population in 1348 and early 1349.

This 14th century crisis is the subject of an upcoming audiobook I am writing at the moment and here’s a taste of what to expect!

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They say a picture says 1000 words so I am hoping these might scrape a few hundred together at least, since I have no time to write an article. I am currently busy writing  an audiobook that was originally about the Black Death (1348-49) but has now expanded to incorporate the affects of the Bruce invasion and the 1315-18 famine aswell.

Mont St Michel is probably the most impressive medieval site I have ever seen and without doubt the most expensive. A mixture between the set of “Lord of the Rings” and “The Name of the Rose” it is awe inspiring. Situated in Northern France the monastery was built on a rocky outcrop in a bay in Normandy and was fortified during the 100 years war giving it a militaristic appearance at times. Its architecture is incredible particularly the cathedral supported on the summit. On a visit there last summer I took these pictures.

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When we think of the Knights Templar, we picture the Middle Eastern Crusades or Dan Browne’s fantasy novel the The Da Vinci code. However this fascinating organisation were very much part of European society in the 12th and 13th century with houses, called preceptories, in most kingdoms in Medieval Europe. After the Norman Invasion of Ireland the Templars became a part of Norman society here for nearly 150 years. However like their counterparts across Europe the Templars in Ireland were ruthlessly suppressed amidst bizarre allegations between 1308 and 1310.

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In the film adaptation of “The Field”, the parish priest proclaims Christianity to be a “thin veneer” over Irish people, in a derogatory reference both the people  and pre-Christian Paganism alike. This idea of Christianity being a thin veneer runs contrary to the notion of medieval Ireland being an “island of saints and scholars” but is there any truth to this idea? Exactly how Christian was early Irish Christianity?

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Episode 7: Around the world on March 17th, millions of people will attend St Patrick’s day parades in memory of the man who supposedly “converted the Irish to Christianity”. He is a figure shrouded in mystery and myth but in this podcast we examine the truth behind the one time slave and famous bishop Patrick. Tune in to hear the real history behind Ireland’s conversion, who St. Patrick really was and how he become associated with snakes and shamrocks….

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Special: A history of St Patrick and the conversion of Ireland to christainity.



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Kilkenny castle

Kilkenny more than any other  Irish city has a distinctively medieval feel about it. Its small streets wind around several medieval buildings whilst its skyline is still dominated by a 13th century castle and cathedral. Through some of these buildings we can reconstruct the major events of the city’s past from witch trials to the black death.

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Kilkenny Castle

Want to spend a day exploring castles with hidden chambers or wandering around monasteries that were bigger than small towns? Here’s how to visit three sites for €6! Although you’ll probably only have heard of one – Kilkenny castle, the others – Clara castle and Kells Priory are equally interesting. They are all close to each other and easily seen in a day if you have a car. (more…)

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Episode 2 sees the Vikings enter Irish History. Were the Vikings really blood thirsty? In this show we hear what it was like to experience a Viking attack, why the attacks started, what did the Gaelic Irish make of these people when they first appeared and how they dealt with these raids.

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The Vikings (part 1)

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Below is a map that highlights the various places mentioned in the show

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